layout: true background-image: url(theme/3_Wydzial_Anglistyki_better-removebg-preview.png), url(theme/WA_logo_xaringan_small.png) background-position: 45% 92%, 60% 92% background-size: 17%, 5% --- class: clear, center, middle, hide-logo .font200[Salience of Greater Poland Polish phonological variables] .font120[Kamil Kaźmierski & Karolina Baranowska<br> Faculty of English at AMU in Poznań] 51st Poznań Linguistic Meeting :: September 8th, 2022
[kamil.kazmierski@amu.edu.pl](mailto:kamil.kazmierski@amu.edu.pl); [karolina.baranowska@amu.edu.pl ](mailto:karolina.baranowska@amu.edu.pl) <br>
Slides available at: [kazmierski-baranowska-plm2022.netlify.app](https://kazmierski-baranowska-plm2022.netlify.app) ??? 🧔🏻♂️ Kamil --- layout: false # Introduction <img src="media/map_plm_2022.png" width="50%" height="50%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> ??? 🧔🏻♂️ Kamil --- # Introduction .pull-left[ <img src="media/festschrift_cover.jpg" width="50%" height="50%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> ] .pull-right[ <table class="table" style="font-family: Charis SIL; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"> <thead> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;"> Variable </th> <th style="text-align:left;"> % </th> <th style="text-align:left;"> Raw </th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> Nasal assimilation </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 10em; "> <span style="display: inline-block; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: plaintext; border-radius: 4px; padding-right: 2px; background-color: #006400; width: 100.00%">71</span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"> 37/52 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> Pre-sonorant voicing </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 10em; "> <span style="display: inline-block; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: plaintext; border-radius: 4px; padding-right: 2px; background-color: #3a9c3a; width: 59.15%">42</span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"> 301/723 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> Nasal stopping </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 10em; "> <span style="display: inline-block; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: plaintext; border-radius: 4px; padding-right: 2px; background-color: #5dbd5d; width: 35.21%">25</span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"> 80/323 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> czy-trzy merger </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 10em; "> <span style="display: inline-block; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: plaintext; border-radius: 4px; padding-right: 2px; background-color: #61c161; width: 32.39%">23</span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"> 21/92 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> Pre-j /ɛ/ raising </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 10em; "> <span style="display: inline-block; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: plaintext; border-radius: 4px; padding-right: 2px; background-color: #75d475; width: 18.31%">13</span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"> 40/307 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> Voicing retention in /v/ </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 10em; "> <span style="display: inline-block; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: plaintext; border-radius: 4px; padding-right: 2px; background-color: #87e687; width: 5.63%">4</span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"> 3/67 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> Prothetic /w/ </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 10em; "> <span style="display: inline-block; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: plaintext; border-radius: 4px; padding-right: 2px; background-color: #90ee90; width: 0.00%">0</span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"> 0/400 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> śmy voicing </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 10em; "> <span style="display: inline-block; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: plaintext; border-radius: 4px; padding-right: 2px; background-color: #90ee90; width: 0.00%">0</span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"> 0/20 </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> ] .footnote[ Kul, M, Zydorowicz, P, Kaźmierski, K. "The Greater Poland Spoken Corpus. Data Collection, Structure and Application". ] ??? 🧔🏻♂️ Kamil --- # Introduction .pull-left[ <img src="media/festschrift_cover.jpg" width="50%" height="50%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> ] .pull-right[ <table class="table" style="font-family: Charis SIL; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"> <thead> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;"> Variable </th> <th style="text-align:left;"> % </th> <th style="text-align:left;"> Raw </th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;background-color: lightgreen !important;"> Nasal assimilation </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 10em; background-color: lightgreen !important;"> <span style="display: inline-block; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: plaintext; border-radius: 4px; padding-right: 2px; background-color: #006400; width: 100.00%">71</span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;background-color: lightgreen !important;"> 37/52 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;background-color: lightgreen !important;"> Pre-sonorant voicing </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 10em; background-color: lightgreen !important;"> <span style="display: inline-block; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: plaintext; border-radius: 4px; padding-right: 2px; background-color: #3a9c3a; width: 59.15%">42</span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;background-color: lightgreen !important;"> 301/723 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;background-color: lightgreen !important;"> Nasal stopping </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 10em; background-color: lightgreen !important;"> <span style="display: inline-block; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: plaintext; border-radius: 4px; padding-right: 2px; background-color: #5dbd5d; width: 35.21%">25</span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;background-color: lightgreen !important;"> 80/323 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;background-color: lightgreen !important;"> czy-trzy merger </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 10em; background-color: lightgreen !important;"> <span style="display: inline-block; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: plaintext; border-radius: 4px; padding-right: 2px; background-color: #61c161; width: 32.39%">23</span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;background-color: lightgreen !important;"> 21/92 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> Pre-j /ɛ/ raising </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 10em; "> <span style="display: inline-block; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: plaintext; border-radius: 4px; padding-right: 2px; background-color: #75d475; width: 18.31%">13</span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"> 40/307 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> Voicing retention in /v/ </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 10em; "> <span style="display: inline-block; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: plaintext; border-radius: 4px; padding-right: 2px; background-color: #87e687; width: 5.63%">4</span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"> 3/67 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> Prothetic /w/ </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 10em; "> <span style="display: inline-block; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: plaintext; border-radius: 4px; padding-right: 2px; background-color: #90ee90; width: 0.00%">0</span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"> 0/400 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> śmy voicing </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 10em; "> <span style="display: inline-block; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: plaintext; border-radius: 4px; padding-right: 2px; background-color: #90ee90; width: 0.00%">0</span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"> 0/20 </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> ] .footnote[ Kul, M, Zydorowicz, P, Kaźmierski, K. "The Greater Poland Spoken Corpus. Data Collection, Structure and Application". ] ??? 🧔🏻♂️ Kamil --- class: font200 # 4 variables - Nasal assimilation: *panie__nk__a* .ipa[[n̪+k] <audio id = "player" src="media/panienka.wav" controls preload></audio> → [ŋ+k]] <audio id = "player" src="media/paniengka.wav" controls preload></audio> ??? 🧔🏻♂️ Kamil -- - Pre-sonorant voicing: *rzu__t o__ka* .ipa[[t#ɔ] <audio id = "player" src="media/rzut_oka.wav" controls preload></audio> → [d#ɔ]] <audio id = "player" src="media/rzud_oka.wav" controls preload></audio> -- - Nasal stopping: *twoj__ą__* .ipa[[ɔw̃] <audio id = "player" src="media/twoja.wav" controls preload></audio> → [ɔm]] <audio id = "player" src="media/twojom.wav" controls preload></audio> -- - *czy*-*trzy* merger: *__trz__ecie*: .ipa[[ t͡ʂʂ ] <audio id = "player" src="media/trzecie.wav" controls preload></audio> → [ t͡ʂ ]] <audio id = "player" src="media/czecie.wav" controls preload></audio> -- .ipa[ >No merger: *czy* [ t͡ʂɨ ] ≠ *trzy* [ t͡ʂʂɨ ] >Merger: *czy* [ t͡ʂɨ ] = *trzy* [ t͡ʂɨ ] ] --- class: font200 # Sociolinguistics of nasal vowels: Nasal stopping <img src="media/fig_4_right_(a_age_task_stopping).png" width="45%" height="45%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> .footnote[ .font40[ Baranowska, K & Kaźmierski, K. 2020. "Polish word-final nasal vowels: Variation and, potentially, change." *Sociolinguistic Studies* ] ] ??? 👱♀️ Karolina --- # Sociolinguistics of nasal vowels: Denasalization (5th) .center[.font200[*id__ę__* .ipa[[ɛw̃] <audio id = "player" src="media/idew.wav" controls preload></audio> → [ɛ]] <audio id = "player" src="media/ide.wav" controls preload></audio>]] <img src="media/fig_9_right_(e_edu_task).png" width="40%" height="40%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> .footnote[ .font40[ Baranowska, K & Kaźmierski, K. 2020. "Polish word-final nasal vowels: Variation and, potentially, change." *Sociolinguistic Studies* ] ] ??? 👱♀️ Karolina --- class: center, middle, inverse # **Salience**: >###“[attribution of] non-specialist belief about and reaction to language use, structure, diversification, history, and status” .pull-right[ (Preston 2011: 10) ] ??? 👱♀️ Karolina -- ### Levels of salience (Labov 1972): indicators < markers < stereotypes --- class: middle, keep-h1-up # Research questions ## **RQ1**: Which of the five variables of Greater Poland Polish can be regarded as indicators, markers, and stereotypes? ## **RQ2**: Is there any relationship between speakers’ overt judgments and their productions? ??? 👱♀️ Karolina --- class: font200, middle, keep-h1-up # Method - Participants - 65 students living in Greater Poland - 42 women and 23 men - aged between 19 and 46 - Procedure - Questionnaire - Production study: 4 items x 5 variables, word list - Perception study: 4 items x 5 variables x 2 variants ??? 👱♀️ Karolina --- class: center, middle, inverse # Results ??? 🧔🏻♂️ Kamil --- # Categorization <img src="index_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-9-1.png" width="90%" height="90%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> ??? 🧔🏻♂️ Kamil --- # Categorization <img src="media/variable_norm.png" width="70%" height="70%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> ??? 🧔🏻♂️ Kamil --- # Categorization <img src="media/age_pres.png" width="60%" height="60%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> .center[ `\(b\)` = 0.05, `\(p\)` = 0.01 for `age`; `\(b\)` = -0.05, `\(p\)` = 0.02 for `age:variant` ] ??? 🧔🏻♂️ Kamil --- # Categorization: Agreement <img src="index_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-12-1.png" width="90%" height="90%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> ??? 🧔🏻♂️ Kamil --- # Production <img src="index_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-14-1.png" width="90%" height="90%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> ??? 🧔🏻♂️ Kamil --- # Pre-sonorant voicing :: by-item variation <img src="index_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-15-1.png" width="90%" height="90%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> ??? 🧔🏻♂️ Kamil --- class: middle, keep-h1-up # Production vs. perception <img src="media/prod_perc.png" width="110%" height="110%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> ??? 👱♀️ Karolina <hr> - **most** participants in **bottom right-hand** half of each plot (below diagonal) - they judged the non-standard variant as correct more often than they produced it themselves - the few **above** the diagonal produced non-standard forms more often than they judged them as correct - e.g. one participant produced nasal stopping in all tokens, but judged only one out of four as correct --- class: middle, keep-h1-up # Conclusion .font200[ - Pre-sonorant voicing and nasal assimilation :: indicators - Pre-sonorant voicing produced quite often, even in this formal setting - *czy*-*trzy* merger and nasal stopping :: stereotypes - Denasalization :: in-between status, though not really a marker ] ??? 👱♀️ Karolina --- class: center, middle, hide-logo, keep-h1-up, font150 # Thank you! .pull-left[ ## Perception <img src="media/variable_norm.png" width="90%" height="90%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> ] .pull-right[ ## Production <img src="index_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-18-1.png" width="100%" height="100%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> ] <hr> .font60[
[kamil.kazmierski@amu.edu.pl](mailto:kamil.kazmierski@amu.edu.pl)
[karolina.baranowska@amu.edu.pl ](mailto:karolina.baranowska@amu.edu.pl) ] ??? 👱♀️ Karolina